The VIX is the CBOE Volatility Index — Wall Street's "fear gauge". It reads the prices of S&P 500 options and converts them into a single number: how large a swing the market expects over the next 30 days, expressed as an annualised percentage. A VIX of 20 means the options market is pricing roughly a 20% annualised move; it does not predict direction, only expected magnitude.
| VIX level | Market mood | What it usually means |
|---|---|---|
| Below 12 | Very calm | Complacency — low volatility, grinding markets |
| 12 – 17 | Normal | Typical healthy market conditions |
| 17 – 20 | Watchful | Mild unease; volatility starting to build |
| 20 – 30 | Elevated stress | Real fear in the market; sharp daily swings |
| 30+ | Panic | Crisis conditions; historically rare outside major events |
For context: the VIX touched its all-time closing high of 82.69 in March 2020 during the COVID crash, and spiked above 65 intraday on 5 August 2024 during the global sell-off. For most of the past decade it has traded between 12 and 20.
It is the CBOE Volatility Index: a real-time estimate of expected 30-day S&P 500 volatility, calculated from option prices. It rises with fear, falls with calm — regardless of whether the market is going up or down.
Above 20 means elevated stress; above 30 means serious fear. The all-time record close was 82.69 in March 2020.
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